Answering Question in Information Systems Essay

Answering Question in Information Systems - Essay ExampleWith the high amount of transactions nurture applied science is able to running game each point of sale. This recorded information arouse then be implemented to support a companys businesses processes in a variety of directions. For instance, the recognition that certain business hours have more(prenominal) robust sales can be used as a systematic input to inscription employees. The tracking of sales is not only important in terms of human resource functions, only when also is important in terms of all business processes. Supply chain management is right off impacted through information technology, as the recording of sales can contribute to the organization aright ordering products and supplies to fit demand. An other(a) significant impact of information technology can be witnessed in terms of advertising. A multitude of Internet organizations have emerged that target consumers circumstantial purchasing tendencies s ubsequently, this information technology can be implemented to customize advertisements to specific consumers. When data is expanded to include a variety of consumer tendencies, the importance of information technology is further enhanced. In this guidance information technology can link specific consumer demographics to specific purchasing patterns. ... 6. semilunar wellness Care implemented a digit of processes in updating their legacy systems. The tip that they followed closely the three steps outlined in the chapter is varying. Crescent Health Cares first step was to identify existing legacy systems. In this way the organization identified all its systems and then determined which of these systems each legacy supported. To a large extent their actions in these regards followed those outlined in the chapter. Still, it seems that Crescent Health Care could have gone farther in its identification processes. The case study notes that the organization was often unable to determin e the exact extent that the specific application would affect other applications, as they was no clear architecture that outlined these elements. In this way the organization could have gone further is detailing the specific underlining functions of each legacy component and take in its function within the context of the entire system. Crescent Health Care also considered how their existing technology could be improved through using force.com services. In this way the organization generally followed the recommended first in that it considered how its system would be improved by the addition of new technology. The next action that Crescent Health Care engaged was working to understand the requirements for the new system. In this way it seems that the organization acted in an fitly comprehensive fashion. Notably the organization determined that specific portions of their system could be transferred to the cloud while other portions of the system would resist such measures. Through un derstanding the

How Will You Vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Will You Vote - analyse ExampleThe applicant were right in their petition saying that if we totallyow even the Gay alliance for Same Sex Marriage to hold public assemblies, why not the Hampton roadstead international jihad. Giving of pamphlets and prop public demonstrations are all preserved in the International Covenant on Civil and policy-making Rights (Article 21) which states that The right of peaceful assembly shall be recognized. No restrictions may be placed on the make out of this right other than those imposed in conformity with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interest of national security or public safety (ordre public), the security system of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedom of others (icnl.org). If Hampton Roads Jihad had passed all the scrutiny, submitted necessary requirements and paid the permit cost of $97,500, then in that location will be no resolve why the permit-issuing body which is th e urban center Councilshould block the permit applicant in proceeding with the public assembly. It is the craft of the members of the City Council to scrutinize and to consequently approve permits to hold public assembly of applicants if they laboriously went through the series of procedures and if they meant to do it peaceably on the appointed date and place. If there are sign onures by the public for the City Council to prohibit the Hampton Roads Jihad, it is the duty of the state to implement what has been approved and to put in place safety measures and contingencies that would avoid acts of violations by groups critical towards the demonstrators. Besides, the Hampton Roads Jihad has many options to contest unfavorable decisions in the high authorities aside from the local City Council. On the other hand, if the demonstration goes awry, it is the time to disperse the members of Hampton Roads Jihad to further avoid any damages to public property and national security. Indee d, it is righteous not to allow demonstrators who are past criminals, themselves, to hold public demonstrations. But Hampton Roads Jihad, if they are to be believed, plainly filed for a permit to public demonstration just to commemorate Osama lay in Ladens birthday. Ultimately, there is nothing wrong with that. No reason why we shouldnt allow them. To say that since they believe Bin Laden, then they share the acts of Bin Laden is a misconception. The Hampton Roads Jihad has the right to uphold their persuasion in Osama Bin Laden, and no entity has the right to challenge their sentiment on public discourse but for the sake of and during discussions. This is preserved in the freedom of expression and of the press, and to violate this is tantamount to a great disservice to America. It is all clear in the First Am discontinuement of the United States carte du jour of Rights which declares that Congress shall not make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting t he free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. (Amendment I, US Bill of Rights) To vote favorably for Hampton Roads Jihad could be a great challenge that would spell the end of my career as member of a local City Council in a US grime which was once the primary target of Osama Bin Laden-led 9/11 attacks. But to prohibit the Hampton Roads Jihad in proceeding with their demonstration is a great disservice

PR & Corporate Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

PR & Corporate Communication - Essay Example there are various lines of thoughts that can be induced from this performance based on the views by the stakeholders. The conversation of such info to the public and the perception of stakeholders view as various implications on PISA, such as marking building, perception of the product, value of the program, trust and awareness of the program (Gehrt, Moffitt & Carlos 2010). This essay leave alone focus on tercet frames that have been brought forward by bringing up stakeholders in the UK. These are, first, the PISA results are contributed by the outstanding performance of UK in history. Secondly, the performance is viewed as dismal because of the continued average performance. Finally, the results are viewed as wrong and do non represent the actual state of education in the UK. Before addressing these frames, let us look at the objectives of this PR and corporate communication strategy.This PR and corporate communication strategy en deavours to facilitate the communication of information relating to the performance of unite Kingdom in the global education quality ranking. The stakeholders in education have mixed reactions to such performance. The mode in which this information is communicated influences the response by these stakeholders. Therefore, a focus will be given to the opinions raised by the stakeholders. In particular, it shall focus on the influence of history on the current performance. Secondly, it will try to bring out results as a low stoop for the United Kingdom and lastly, it shall look at the results as flawed and does not represent the state off education in UK. The strategy also endeavours that information is passed to the audience in a clear and unbiased way. In addition, it will facilitate the incorporation of the concerns of stakeholders in the education sector such as the government, parents, students, and educators among others. Next, the role of the stakeholders has been bewilder int o

Working with Budgets Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working with Budgets - Assignment faceIt also assists in avoiding idle coin and any cash shortage that may adversely postulate the brass instrument. The cash cypher consist mainly of four sections Receipts, where cash balance at the beginning is entered irrefut adapted all other cash collections from customers and other receipts disbursement section, where all the cash payments are entered cash surplus or deficit column, where the difference between receipts and payments are entered and finally, the financing section, enumerating a tiny account of repayments and borrowings expected during the financial period.The other budget that I figure with in the organization where I work is the operating budget. This refers to a statement representing the organizations financial plan for each affair center during the budget period and shows the operating activities involving expenditures and revenues. The various types of operating budgets I work with embroil revenue, outlay and prof it budgets. Revenue budget mainly identifies the revenue needed by the organization and mainly projects organizations future sales. Expense budget is an operating budget that identifies expected future expenses during the budget period. These include fixed, variable and discretionary costs. Profit budget, on the other hand, is a combination of revenue and expense budget into a single statement to reveal the net and gross profit realized during the period. This budget is fundamental because it aids in making final resource allocation (Ippolito, 2004).Working with different types of budget separating makes work harder as the organization I work with has been adopting this system. To make work easier, it is imperative that these budgets should be linked unneurotic in form of a master budget. A muster budget will be able to incorporate all the organizations financial and operating plans for the entire period (Cooke

Exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exam Questions - Essay ExampleThe assoil market system has been widely accepted both in guinea pig and global economies because countries and peoples the world all over desire a better standard of living which is only gained through developing their local, regional and subject economy. This can occur only by opening up mass markets to wider or global markets. The triumph of the free market system is evident when one examines the distinction between Europe and North the States and Africa, for example. Developing countries are looking to free market societies as a guide to their frugal future. Asia is a recent case in point as a group of economies which could not have grownup without benefit of liberlised trade practices. The policies of a free market system is envied, emulated and remains the gold standard of national economic policy accepted by economists, businessmen, politicians and academics worldwide (Brace, 2001).Overwhelming evidence has demonstrated that free trade eco nomic policies open markets to foreign investment and trade which is necessary to initiate and/or sustain economic development. No national economy has realized increased economic growth in the choke half(prenominal) century without having an open market strategy or has any country gained considerable growth in the standard of living among its population. The reduction of trade restrictions along with the opening of monetary incentives to foreign investments over the last two decades has combined to stimulate economic development in eastern Asian countries. The average upshot levied in these countries of East Asia has dropped to 10 percent from 30 percent in this time period which proves a direct connection between open economies and prosperity.

The Issue of Remorse on The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne Research Paper

The Issue of Remorse on The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne - Research Paper instanceVarious studies were conducted about the sassy and they discuss the symbols, imageries, issues and parallelisms prevailing in The Scarlet Letter. The critical analysis of the refreshing would start with a brief biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne and also the significant issues faced by the United States of the States in its early years would be analyzed in connection to the story. The main focus is on the issue of remorse faced by the main characters of the novel.Nathaniel Hawthorne came from a famous family living in Salem, Massachusetts. His relatives took veneration of him when his father died in a voyage. He studied at Bowdoin College unneurotic with around famous personalities in literature and politics like Horatio Bridge who became a writer, Jonathan Ciley who became a senator, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow who became a poet, and Franklin Pierce who became a president of the United Stat es. The personalities mentioned championed Hawthorne to get a public sector job. aft(prenominal)wards he started as a writer when his whole shebang imitate the style of Sir Walter Scott and was considered to be his early writing training. The Transcendentalist Movement of Ralph Waldo Emerson influenced Hawthorne by expend in the Utopian community. The Trancendentalist belief rejects formalism as they promote individualism because humans according to them be more than just sensory realm. Individualism and symbolism became prominent in Hawthornes later works especially in The Scarlet Letter wherein the Transcendentalist ideals clashed against the ideals of the prudes. The Custom House was written by Hawthorne as a prologue to The Scarlet Letter and also as an autobiographical essay. His published work became possible through the help of his friends. The Scarlet Letter became famous across clip since religion, spirituality and identity of the Americans were affected by the Purit ans. During the time of Hawthorne, adultery was considered as a taboo because of prevailing rigidity and formality of culture. The novel became popular to sight from all ages across time (University of Wisconsin Milwaukee). The Scarlet Letter made its author a famous writer. After seeing the relevance of the novel to the life and time of Hawthorne, going deeper into the summary would link the history to the story. Spirituality, morality and Puritan influence on the early America were reflected in The Scarlet Letter. The novel went against the norms and showed how the dreaded style and beliefs would be turned from weakness into strength. The story started from a prologue that could be considered as a standalone essay. The essay revealed how the novel was written as the narrator mirrored Hawthorne himself. The narrator worked as a surveyor in the customhouse and he found certain documents bundled and contained a piece of cloth shaped into an A. Since the narrator was careless and lo st some important documents, he made a story out of the two-hundred-year-old manuscript made by a past surveyor. His creative thinking produced The Scarlet Letterand the story opened in a Puritan settlement at Boston during the early years of USA. The scarlet letter A labeled on the chest of the protagonist named Hester Prynne symbolized her crime as viewed by the townshipspeople. She walked out of a prison cell together with her baby named Pearl. She arrived at Boston when her old and scholarly husband sent her there. Her husband was lost in the voyage and was assumed to be dead. Because of loneliness, Hester engaged in an affair that led to the birth of Pearl. Afterwards the town elders put Hester Prynne to a public confession to reveal the father of Pearl. She did not reveal the name of

A research paper on stem cell research legislation

A on angry walk cellular phone legislation - Research newsprint Example groundwork cell look into is a objurgate that is involved in the study of the uses, utilizations and applications of the stem cell, a type of cell that notify develop into any form of specialized cell that can help save a particular body function by replenishing the supply of the said cell. receivable to the fact that the said concept has the potential capacity to save many lives, a continuous control is dedicated for the advocacy, research and development. At the same time, due to the involvement of human health and welfare in the study, strict and structured guidelines were established and continuously being updated to be able to ensure that the components of stem cell research adheres to bioethics and legislations (Atala, Lanza, and Thomson, 2010, p.1123). The report card is aimed to present an overview of the meaning of Stem Cell Research with the focus on the Stem Cell Research Legislation and other related legal issues. Included in the topics discussed in the paper are the history of Stem Cell Research Legislation in the United States and the comparative compend of the policies in the U.S. with the rest of the world. In addition, the show of the current legislative state of affairs in the boorish is also considered as an important part of the study undertaken. For the future view on the legal policies, provisions, and laws specifically in terms of the applications of stem cells. One of the manners by which the said objectives are achieved is through the presentation and discussion of sample research results related to the legislation of Stem Cell Research. ... In August 2000, although the US NIH established guidelines that limit the research to existing cell lines, it had not been employed due to the influence of the chair in the content of the guidelines. Due to the need for an established set of rules and guidelines, the cooperation of the different organizations and au thorities on the discipline has been undertaken. Contributions were made by the Chief Medical Officers Expert Group in capital Britain, private ethics boards in Geron Corporation, Advanced Cell Technology in US, committees of the National Research Council, and the global Society for Stem Cell Research (Atala, Lanza, and Thomson, 2010, p.1123). Even through the continuing controversies regarding the sources of the heS cells, the stem cell research continued. This is the second stage of the stem cell research discipline which can be described to be beyond the embryo. This can be attributed to the fact that there had been two (2) developments in the field. The first is the human generate pluripotent stem (iPS) cells which are dermal fibroblasts which had been altered through genetic engineering to behave as heS cells. another(prenominal) is related to the stance of Obama administration regarding the heS cell research. Prior to his administration, the main focus is the decision to co ntinue or halt the research. On the other hand, he focused on the how of the research process. In this case, it can be considered that he already accepted the continuation of the stem cell research but it should be found on the legislations established by the authorities, both in the administration and in the medical field (Hyun, 2010, p.71). Views and alimentation The Stem Cell Research Legislation in the United States

Business and Industry involved in the development of Community College Essay

Business and Industry involved in the development of Community College programs - canvass ExampleIn order to cater for the diverse needs of the businesses and industries, diverse programs nurse been developed by the community colleges as a direct influence of the former. People have also come to stir their perspectives on community colleges, which consequently has resulted in the introduction of adult classes, part-time graduates enrollment programs to sharpen their skills. Businesses and industries have sponsored community colleges in different ways, provided internship opportunities for their students and influenced their curriculum, just to mention a few.Initially, community colleges were believed to be set up for the handicapped and underprivileged to provide them with general education and tradition liberal arts. However, with time, people began appreciating them. This was as a result of the rise of new businesses and industries which were in demand of labor. The short cours es offered in community colleges as compared to another(prenominal) educational instructions provided the urgent workforce needed.The different industries and businesses establishments needed different and diverse skills. As a result, diverse courses came into being and students were taught programs like home economics, business studies teaching, secretarial studies, general courses and music. These trainings acted as links amid semi-skilled laborers and professionals. All this made it possible for the students to get jobs after immediate completion of their courses.Gradually, people changed their perspective on community colleges, adult classes were introduced, part-time classes came into being and even graduates enrolled to sharpen their skills. This resulted in the enrollment of a gigantic number of students leading to the growth of community colleges.Business and industries play a major role in the development of Community College Programs. This state of affairs started back in the 1990s when there was immense business potential in America as new businesses and industries were

Theology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Theology - Assignment ExampleThe lesson that was learnt from this verse is that, the purpose of a man was created even ahead he came into existence. The blameings of Jeremiah from the first to the sixteenth chapter of the book are targeted to the people of Judah as paragon warned them to repent and round of golf back to him (Attridge). Their refusal to yield would be that, God would destroy them. One is quite familiar with these prophetic warnings from God through Jeremiah to the people of Judah. One thing that is quite surprising is that, God actually knew that, the people would non heed the warning as they were a stubborn and rebellious people. But, he still went ahead to warn them, so they would not have any excuse that, they were not warned. This brings one to the conclusion that, God would not punish his people without warning them.In the first chapter of the book of Jeremiah, the prophet gave God the excuse that, he was too young for the task ahead of him. I would like to know the exact age of Jeremiah at the time of his calling. I am of the opinion that, he must have been very young at the time of his commissioning by

General insurance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

General insurance - Assignment Example following(a) atomic number 18 the three ways to deal with insurable risks1. Personal factors of the driver such as age, gender, marital status is considered before deciding the premium. Young people who have had drivers training are considered less risk and hence given a lower premium. Similarly people who have had no haps while driving are also considered less risk. Thus the somebodyal characteristics are considered while shrewd the premium.2. Type of car is also an important factor while calculating the premium because of the variation in the repair cost. A powerful car will have increased liability and higher accident benefits premiums.3. Use of car is another important factor in determining the premium. If more than one person drives the car and car is driven for long kilometers can also affect the risk. Similarly car apply for home purpose has different premium than a car used for business purpose.Answer Apersonal property floater is a policy that has taken into considerationall of theinsuredspropertyin any location, and irrespective of where the insured is at the time ofloss. This is an allperils reportingthatdoesnt provide coverage for certain events, such as war

Education & Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Education & Culture - Essay ExampleIt is actually through this that the values of the society ar rather utilized to identify which medium of educational instruction shall actually lead the Ameri offer society towards immeasurable future success. To understand the matter further, the following paragraphs shall give an intense discussion about all(prenominal) educational procedures impact on the human society particularly the Ameri roll in the hay today.Education as known to all is actually much significant to for the human society as this is viewed and considered as the most efficient and effective doer for personal and social development. The concept of education entitles an individual, if properly trained and utilized the essential ability to kick upstairs for personal sustenance and economic survival. This is considered as one of the most important realm in ones spiritedness that must be achieved as also viewed by the family structure in the society. In addition, education c an be enjoymentd by the society as a whole to developed productive and sure-footed citizens for fueling the progress of the humanity. Thus, education thusly is important.In the present though,... Basically, the system of education in a given society is mainly promoted through the secular educational institutions and facilities namely the schools and university. In the course of the societys development, this educational structure is now being presented to have its flaws at it lacks sufficiently attention from the government and society itself. The maestro service of providing quality education in the government and secular institutions are now becoming scarce and limited to the upper few because of many problems mainly location and capacity to address the increasing impoverishment of the growing population . Thus, other instrument of attaining quality education must be included in the probably option of the willful public. Enticed with the present technological advancement of the society at the present, other means of securing quality education is now being offered for the public namely the concept of virtual schools through the internet. through the aid of the modern technology in the communication, willful students and professional educators can now interact with severally other in the course of training and educating regardless of the boundaries of location and institutional facilities. The concept of virtual schools can be implemented with the significant aid of technological advancement to promote better learning and instinct of the students regarding the lesson matter as visual imagery and wide information resources can be accessed with ease. Technology is indeed manifested as a strong aspect of the modern society significantly promoting their fact-paced development. Because of this, it is only logical to use this strength of the people to address their most concerning problem which is the increasing demand for quality

Future Marketing Implications (Response 1) Assignment

Future Marketing Implications (Response 1) - identification ExampleWith the advancement of internet merchandise, the future implications of marketing leave alone mean that a person will be able to market any product or service from anywhere in the solid ground and in real time (Perrault, Cannon, & McCarthy, 2009).Secondly, I think the student has missed the point by manner of speaking in the issue of global warming as being a consequence of various marketing strategies. In my opinion, they should have discussed the future implications in terms of how marketing would have influenced both the microeconomics and the macroeconomics of a demesne amid globalization. The idea of marketing bringing in illnesses is a bit farfetched as most companies bark to give their customers the best in the market, closely following internationally accepted standards of production and quality assurance. Besides, it is the art of every consumer to be aware of the products and services and their side effects irrespective of what the law says about much(prenominal) products and services. Marketing is a multifaceted tool in business and can have various implications resembling rapidly growing economy, and improved communication channels and strategies (Perrault, Cannon, & McCarthy,

Providing Quality Service Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Providing Quality Service - Research Paper display caseHow the Industry Involves Guests in Order to Provide Quality Service Therefore, in regularize for the hospitality persistence to get involved in the good service delivery, it has to provide programs that involve its guests. To do this, the industry whitethorn choose on certain programs such as collecting information from the customers and provide a dodging through which customers hobo give their feedback about the gracious of service and experience they set outd from the industry. Information can be collected from a short and precisely designed questionnaire which can be given to the customers as they board the facility so that they return the duly completed questionnaires at the time they leave the facility. In this way, the guests leave behind be able to fill the questionnaires appropriately as they experience the particular questions in the questionnaire. The guests will be able to give their minds about what they feel is done right as well as what they feel needs to be ad entirelyed. This information is then collected from various guests and then well grouped to provide the major areas of weaknesses and strengths in the industry. The vestiges are then implemented by the company in order to ensure that service delivery is improved. Likewise, a hospitality firm may also provide a suggestion box for its guests so that the guests may give out their suggestions about their experience with the particular firm. The suggestion boxes should be put strategically in their rooms of residence and even outside so that they do not look for them. The guests need to be reminded to be giving their suggestions through the suggestion box in order to help the firm in improving service delivery (Jay, Connie, & Beverly, 2001). Service Standards Used by the Industry to Meet Customer Expectations The hospitality industry needs to maintain certain service standards in order to meet customer expectations. One such standa rd includes having an excellent customer care service. What makes the earth of a good hospitality industry is how the customers are handled and taken care of. Therefore, this industry finds strength in an excellent customer care department that knows its customers needs and solved them appropriately. A leaf node may like the industry from the way they were received by the receptionist. A rude and careless receptionist will give the industry a bad image and make it lose customers. The guests who come to such industries most(prenominal) of the time are on holiday and therefore they would wish to be away from stress and just relax in the most welcoming environment. Therefore, they expect a warm reception from where they want to go by their holiday so that their mission can be accomplished. Another service standard that needs to be maintained by the hospitality industry is the quality of service offered by the employees. Employees should be properly apt in order to be able to take care of the guests well. The guests need to be satisfied with the kind of services they require to be offered to them by the industry. The industry offers such services through their employees, therefore, employees need to receive proper training that will enable them to execute such

What are some of the reasons given in the article for the achievement Essay

What are some of the reasons given in the article for the achievement gap in education in the United States what do you think could run the problem discussed in the reading - Essay ExampleAccording to Robert Reich, a professor of public indemnity at the University of California and the author of Beyond Outrage, the average SAT-type tests between children in the richest ten part and the bottom ten per cent was about ninety points on an eight hundred point overcome thirty years ago. This has nevertheless increased to one hundred and twenty five points today a scenario which depicts the increasing achievement gap between the children coming from the two backgrounds. Are there modes of debar this and ensuring everyone gets quality education?There are various ways that can be used to sign up the achievement gap. They are discussed in the following section. Before addressing the problem, it is good to understand what is causing the gap increase. It is limpid that the children comin g from rich families are taken to the best schools which guard the best facilities and they have the requirements that enhance their acquirement environment to ensure that they succeed or make it in education. On the contrary the children coming from the unfortunate families hardly have the money and so they will end up in the schools offering low-down education and having poor facilities. According to Reich this can be solved by harmonising the standards of education offered.The best way to address the problem is therefore to make sure that all the students get quality and same education. Robert looks at the teacher student ratio in the schools serving the two groups and realizes that though the ratio is closely the same, the financing per student in the wealthy owned schools is very high and among the highest across the improved countries being analysed. If the regimen could intervene and increase the student funding then that would mean that the children from the poor famil ies will also have an opportunity to have good facilities and boost their learning. The lack of quality facilities is a major drawback

Analyzing Financial Statements answeres Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Analyzing Financial Statements answeres - evidence ExampleOperating cash emanate relates to cash flows that a company accrues from ope balancens to its current debt. It measures how liquid a firm is in the short run since it relates to current debt and cash flows from ope rations. (Gregor, 2008)The ratio -0.133 is less than which meat Sears Company is not generating enough cash to pay off its short-term debt which is a serious mail service in the company. This is a critical concern and a matter of urgency. If it is not dealt with it may lead to reasoning by elimination of the company. Therefore, it is possible that the firm may not be able to continue to operate. (Sears, 2013)The set to cash flow ratio is often considered a better indication of a companys value than the price to earnings ratio. It is a really useful ratio for a company to know, particularly if the company is publicly traded. It compares the companys share price to the cash flow the company generates on a per s hare basis. (Gregor, 2008)This implies that the price to cash flow ratio is quite small and that the ratio price ought to be increased for the shareholders. Ordinarily, share price is usually the finale price of the stock on a particular day and operating cash flow is taken from the Statement of Cash Flows. Some business owners use free cash flow in the denominator kind of of operating cash flow. (Gregor, 2008)Normally, Cash flow from Operations/Average total liabilities is a similar ratio to the commonly-used total debt/total assets ratio. Both measure the solvency of a company or its ability to pay its debts and conserve its head above water. (Anonymous, 2008)The answer shows how many times over a company can take its short-term debt and is a measure of the firms liquidity. This ratio means that Sears Company has a low degree of cave in its debts by the use of the current assets. (Wood, 2009)The quick ratio, or acid streak, is a more specific test of liquidity than the curr ent ratio. It takes inventory out of the equation and measures

The Power of One - Representation of the different groups Essay Example for Free

The advocator of One Representation of the different groups EssayThe Power of One is a cinematic masterpiece which was based on the inspiring novel by Bryce Courtenay. forwardness in a world torn apart from racism where humanness subjugates his fellow country man and liberty remains evasive. The director, John G. Avildsen has utilized a range of filmic techniques to depict to malevolence of racial prejudice. The plugger of this film, PK is an face boy who is raised in a society plagued with racism.In the beginning of this film, PKs is narrating umpteen events of his life John. G starts the screenplay with PK saying, I was born with the songs of Zulu rainmakers in my ears. The first scene of the movie instantly lures the audiences attention with PKs adorable voice, blended with an indigenous African tune in the background. furthermore the introduction of PKs dark skinned friend, who is sitting beside him and playing the ivory (white) and Ebony (black) keys on the soft i s a strong dissimilarity witnessed by the audience.Despite no racial scenes are presented in the beginning, it by all odds sets the rest of the movie in pace with presenting one of the karyon themes of this novel, the power of one. Soon subsequently his mother becomes disheartened after an emotional collapse, PK is sent to a hell like Dutch embarkation school. This is where John. G begins to develop the setting of racism. PKs voice is screen played to gain the sympathy from the audience, as he is portrayed as naive and excluded by the other students. As soon as PK arrives at the boarding school, he is enclosed by people who are racist and violent.This is exposed when the Dutch priest promotes hate once against the British who dominated them during the invasion he says, the English drove us into this wilderness save we returned stronger than before, by spilling their blood across the land because this land is ours given to us entirely by churchman God. It is our responsibilit y to rise up, push out the English and put down the black. This definitely gives the audience the pattern that the Dutch were violent, prejudiced, selfish and dangerous considering PK is the only English student. This depiction of the Dutch immediately achieves the audiences hate.In addition the cruelty of the Dutch is exaggerated when Jobbie Botha, a senior student is shown to have a tattoo of the swastika on his arm which informs the views that he was supportive of Hitlers actions. This technique was used by John to develop the psychopath characteristics of the main antagonist. PK is continuously portrayed as naive and defenseless when he is tortured in pitiful ways by Jobbie Botha. Some of these torture techniques exemplified by Botha include urinating and spiting on PK. Other torments include killing PKs chicken and hanging PK upside down and pelting him with stones exploitation a sling shot.PK is as well as informed about his mothers death in a ruthless way. All these facto rs contribute to stunners feeling extremely sad and disappointed whilst increasing the mildness for PK. On the other hand, the viewers are made to dislike the Dutch even more. As PK evolves from a young boy to a young man, he is portrayed to have good characteristics. The fine twist of this film increases the compassion that audiences have towards PK as this development occurs. PK also meets two people in his life, Geel Piet (dark skinned) and doc (White skinned).These two men have positive influences on PK as they help him develop physically and mentally. This is picture when Geel Piet tells PK, Little can beat big when little is smart. First with the head and then with the heart. physician tells PK that, Any question you ever have, the answer you will find in Nature if you know where to look, and how to lead and then you will have for yourself all the brains that have ever been. Another important message PK receives from mendelevium is that, a rainfall starts with a single drop. Hence, this message relates back to the title and which is one of the core messages.Even though the director has portrayed the Dutch as the antagonist through the film, he is also successful in informing the audience that not all the Dutch were coldblooded extremist. The victims, the African natives are shown to be treated mercilessly by the Dutch. The natives are forced live in their township and are needed to have a special permit which allows them to live there. The Africans are shown to be working in heat up conditions in a polluted environment with supervision by Africana officials. The natives called, Kaffir and humiliated in many ways. One incident is when Geel Piet is made to eat manure off a jailers shoe.Immediately, the viewer is made to feel sad and have sympathy for Geel piet swell as hate the Dutch for their position towards the natives. Consequently, some of the natives are shown to be positive and enthusiastic people who want to make a diversion for the fut ure generations, a depiction of this is when the natives attend PKs English classes every night. In this scene, the director once again brings satisfaction and respect for the white as PK is shown to the teacher. This gives the audience the impression that, the natives had a lot of respect for the English as well as their culture.An example of this is shown when the three different groups attend Marias funeral. However, it doesnt end in a positive note as Marias father retaliates by confronting PK with a shovel, failing to release that his hatred and intolerance had his daughter killed. To conclude, the director uses a special survival of filmic techniques to present its central discourse. The director is also successful is displaying multiple messages. Furthermore, the film captures the audience through the spirit of characters and their emotions which definitely involves the viewers ethics and feelings.

Kennedy vs. Nixon Essay Example for Free

Kennedy vs. Nixon EssayPeace, the overall inwardness is about experience and knowing what to do during though times. Nixons campaign tried to convey this seriousness by shooting its commercials of Nixon perched on a desk and speaking directly to the camera. In JFKs 1960 Debate, political ad, he addresses the batch in a snappier way, and by facing the issues squarely. However, neither of the candidates ads was about issues rather, they were more contrast in styles.The messages pore on the era as a dangerous time it was really an election about flip versus experience. In Kennedys ad, he expresses his ideas directly, specifically, and offers new American leadership for the country. His tone is very magnetic and appealing, and it is preferably pleasing to an American to hear that Kennedy thinks that America is a great country, but it could be a great one. Whereas Nixon speaks with such composure and a serious-minded tone in his ad, it almost seems he is not excited (or thus far cares) to be there.The way Kennedy carries himself eyepatch giving speeches is an especially confident, poised, and self-assured one, so much that he evening comments on whether if people think that America was doing everything satisfactorily, that he agreed with them, that they should vote for Nixon Furthermore, on the Kennedy-Nixon debate, Kennedy appeared face tanned, confident, and vigorous, while Nixon was wearing no make up and a light-colored suit that blended into the background looking exhausted and pale, and sweated profusely. Also, Mr. Nixons tone is exceedingly formal, thus making him look a tad insect bite uncharismatic, (unlike his likable contender). His way of speaking directly to the camera and giving detailed answers to an offscreen speaker, presented him as a though, experient leader able to stand up to the Communists. In general, while Nixon was not as charismatic and pleasant as JFK, he was a seasoned, experienced, and mature leader ready to stand up to Khrushchev.Moreover, Nixon kept argumentation that while Khrushchev was a cold, hard, ruthless man, that we wont be coerced, that we will not tolerate world pushed around, that hed continue to deal with Communism and the Soviet leadersfirmly, and always with vigilance. In contrast, Kennedy assay to turn his youth into an advantage, proclaiming in his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, We stand today on the edge of a new frontier.

Ethics Game & Reflective Journal Essay Example for Free

Ethics Game Reflective diary EssayThis journal contains the reflection of the Ethics Game simulation assignment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the locomote and process that I utilise to answer the honourable questions involved in two simulation games The brass of the troubled Teen and Policies and Politics. In correspondition I will also discuss how these concepts relate to my workplace. The topic of the Troubled Teen This crusade describes the case of an unmarried, 16 year old pregnant patient (RB) admitted to the parturiency and delivery, accompanied by her p bents. Parents chose to limit medication citing personal reasons. The primary nurse (YN) is concerned that the situation whitethorn become critical for the patient and unborn baby.The nursing staff is also concerned that the parents may not understand the consequences of their proceeding. The ethical study in this case is how to ensure safe delivery of the baby and to stick out adequate medical ne gociate to both father and baby. The case of Policy and Politics This case describes wizard of the ICU patients AT, who is unconscious for few days, was brought to the hospital by his domestic partner. YM, his partner was beside him in the ER solely he was not allowed to be with the patient after transferring to ICU. The day supervisor CB prevented Yves from visiting AT. Her actions break ongoing hospital same sex domestic partner policy. The question her is if the rights of the patient and the significant others have been violated here.Decision making stepsI used an organized process to agree this ethical conclusion called the Baird Method, which consists of four steps. beat 1 Identify the issue in the ethical dilemma, and evaluate the evidence. I aim to be attentive as to gather all data to determine which issue has to be re understandd. Step 2 Identify the primary stakeholders. I have to be intelligent and identify the real issue in the case. Step 3 Use my knowledge, be reasonable, fair, and understand my duty, which focus on the equal rights and guess my role on the impact on stakeholders. Step 4 Develop a situation that has vestibular sense and meets the needs of all stakeholders and communicate the decision to everyone involved. Applying these steps to issue of the Troubled teenI pull together all the information from the patients chart, went over the careplan, medical plan and received the bedside verbal report from the outgoing nurse. She was not given adequate pain medicine nor seen by the physician on call because she/he was attending an emergency elsewhere. The stakeholders in this situation are as follows RB, the patientLB, RBs unborn childRBs parentsShift supervisorYN, RN caring for RBThe ShareholdersApplying these steps to the issue of Policy and Politics First of all here, I have to identify the problem. in that respect are two issues here. One is allowing the domestic partner to visit the patient and the second one is to make sure that the hospital staffs follow the policy of the hospital. The stakeholders areAT, the ICU patientYM, the domestic partner faculty nurse, MCB, the shift supervisorAF, the director of nursingThe ShareholdersEthical Lens used that influenced decisionsLens used in Troubled Teen case Using the rights and responsibility lens, I could identify my duties as to see to it that the care of the pregnant teen is not compromised and for those who cannot speak for themselves. I want to ensure that there is a safe delivery of the mother and the baby is safe. Result lens considers focus on the results we want in our community and how it contributes to the greater good in our community and to greater number of people. I used the action that tilted towards sensibility because I honored the need in this situation to consider parental wishes and aftercare of mother and baby. In the first situation the rights and responsibility lens was first and foremost in my mind. My duty do me to assure that the care of the patient and her unborn baby was not in danger nor the care was compromised especially when someone cant speak for themselves.I used the result lens to make the care plans and involve the parents in the care oftheir child and grandchild with the armed service of chaplain. In the second situation, it focused on the dodging and allowed me to incorporate what is best for the system and community, however protecting the rights of both. Lens used in the Policies and Politics case In this case the use of relationship lens and reputation lens was used. The relationship lens focuses on the processes that systems need an ethical organization. The ethical lens tries to protect the basic liberties of everyone and this situation the domestic partner is to be treated like any other person. However, the reputation lens focuses on assuring that the hospital protocols are consistently followed and in this situation the partner should be allowed to visit his other partner.How concepts r elate to the workplaceIn my workplace I face difficult ethical decisions associated with patient care and the policies set forth by the care agencies. This simulation helped me to recognize my own personal values, such as equality, fairness, compassion, which influences my decision in different decisions. This game helped me to examine the decision making process when faced with the difficult situations and how to make the right decision during any dilemma. The process set up in our workplace might not be ethical one for that particular situation but in this scenarios they were not followed blindly, but the best option was picked to solve them. Identifying my personal values and gaining knowledge of the ethical lenses allowed me to minimize necessary conflict at work and fence directly with the situation.CONCLUSIONEthical issues at work place associated with the patient care can add stress and increased burden on the nurses. The ethical game simulation allowed me to identify the i ssues and guided me by means of a systematic approach to solve the dilemma. This exercise helped me to prepare for a situation which will help me to reduce stress and make a sound judgment. The lenses allowed me to gain knowledge and insight to solve the problems.

How Did Men Deal with the Stress of World War II Essay Example for Free

How Did Men Deal with the Stress of land strugglef ar II EssayThe iconic thousand-yard stare, a far- get through, unfocused gaze characteristic of sol get aroundrs who had succumbed to the distress of contend by dissociating from it, emerged with its name with the chilling photos of soldiers who were overtaken by these symptoms in the wake of World War II. Its no surprise that war takes a toll on the psyche of all those modify by it. Given the brutality and scope of World War II, which began only 21 years later World War II (a war that had already ravaged the landscape and deal of Europe exit high estimates of the death toll at 65 million deaths), civilians and soldiers alike were engulfed in total war. As Hitler and the Nazis ideology was based on A War of Extermination fueled by a racial ideology that sought for the ethnic cleansing and complete reengineering of the social population of Europe, the massive amount of Soviet soldiers that perished as they were thrown wav e aft(prenominal) wave in outrank to slow the Nazi war machine, and the general cruelty that was apparent in this war, soldiers upon soldiers grew appalled by the nature of the war.As one soldier confesses in The Italian task, After three months, it was demoralizing it was every night, every night everybody was hunting Ger compositions, everybody was turn up to kill everybody we was insane We did become like animals in the end Yes, just like rats It was far worse than the desert. You were stuck in the same place. You had nowhere to go. You didnt get no rest, like in the desert. No pile You never expected to see the end of it. You just forgot why you were there (Addison 208).Often multiplication, the amount of causal agency put into it and the lives sacrificed seemed to far outweigh the benefits reaped from both Gottlob Herbert Bidderman, a German soldier that was present on the eastern Front reflected on the insignificance of twelve kilometers twelve kilometersin an endless land, where unbroken fields stretched to the horizon beforehand us from sunrise to sunset. I wondered how legion(predicate) more twelve-kilometer disputes lay ahead of us during our march forward from the setting sun (Bidderman 23).However, like anything that people are overexposed to, these work force slowly grew accustomed to and desensitized to the trocities and horrors of the war. Human beings are naturally adaptive beings and history has shown time and time ag personal that they do what is needed in order to survive. It would be simplistic to classify each of the nations and their armies as being uniform in their coping with the war due to the specific nature of whatever of the problems and solutions that emerged from belonging to that particular nation (such as the Soviets reveling in their the true and the cult-like worship of Stalin and the Nazis racial ideology being one that ensured in their mind their victory), but many men, careless(predicate) of their affiliatio n, handled the war similarly.Some treated the time on these fronts as a long extended workday, disassociating from the acts they commit and the sights they witnessed as simply being a part of a job. Others turned to their families away from home brformer(a)s and sisters, who by dint of their common experiences, pains, and moments of hope, stood together in solidarity. Others turned to the bottom of a bottle to ease the pain charm others turned instead upwards to a higher power, or at the very least began to shop at religious services.Those who were not willing to look quite so loftily turned to their superiors and leaders for steering and bravery while in the case of the Soviet soldiers, glanced fearfully backwards as the higher-ups pushed them forward to their death. uttermost away from home and under harsh conditions, food and other chanced upon provisions and commodities would lots serve as a best to moral. Due to the sheer breadth of stress embodied in being a soldier in any front during WWII, soldiers dealt with the immense strain in varying ways in order to keep intact their humanity, or at the very least, keep their sanity so that they could ensure their survival.There is a perception held by many idealistic, young men that war is a almost akin to a noble crusade. However, there is the reality is much more analogous, to as one German soldier put it this is ten times worse than hell (Grossman 151). A scene from the Italian Job details this hell some (too many, far too many) were carried in dying, with gross combinations of shattered limbs, protrusions of intestines and brain from long holes in their poor frames torn by 880millimetre shells, mortars and anti-personnel bombs.Some lay quiet and still, with legs drawn up cracking wounds of the abdomen. Some were carried in sitting up on the stretcher, gasping and coughing, grab through the lungs All were exhausted after being under continuous fire, and after lying in the mud for hours and days (Addison 208). As a result, as these idealistic notions were lost, many turned to viewing the entire ordeal as a job. Having suffered through the war for some time, one soldier remarked, Youre fighting for the skin in the line. When I was enlisted I was patriotic as hell. Theres no patriotism in the line.A boy up there 60 days in the line is in danger every minute. He aint fighting for patriotism (Addison 210). Another soldier enjoyed fighting at dawn as he felt that it was almost as if he was heading off to work at the factory. Rather than consciously thinking of all of the horrors that they were witnessing on a daily basis and focusing on the fact that they could die at any moment, the concept of just doing a job provided a blanket under which these men sought to maintain control of their humanity by separating their psyches from the appalling state of being they were in.A man in an earlier war who was quoted in Addisons book stated that whatever its size a mans world was his sect ionat most, his platoon all that mattered to him was the one little boatload of castaways with whom he was marooned on a desert island making shift to keep off the weather and any sudden attacks by wild beast (Addison 211). Away from their families and friends, immersed in a bloody war where hundreds upon thousands of people could die in a skirmish or battle, these soldiers could only count on each other to truly understand the situation they were currently in.Beaten and battered together, having lost many of the same friends, triumphed momentarily, or retreated hastily, this mutual understanding gave way to a support group a family who soldiers could lean upon and untroubled their well being. Of this, Bidermann wrote, Our thoughts were constantly occupied by the tenuous if not hopeless situation in which we fix ourselves. We received quilt only in our numbers and in being with comrades with whom we had shared so many experiences over the weeks, months, and years (Bidermann 266) .Repeatedly throughout the 3 readings, there is mention of men, whether they in the heat of battle or relaxing with keep company, being drunk. Its no surprise as alcohol has been a actor by which men have coped with their problems for thousands of years. If the problems wont go away, the solution for some has been to drink until those problems do not register as problems anymore. As such, Holmes noted headaches were almost universal in a family of war where wine and brandy were readily available (Addison 212). Grossman ctually talks about how his battalion commander Kozlov, in the center of battle, withstood an attack of tanks.He was on great form and completely drunk. The tanks were thrown back in a dashing fashion (Grossman 103). As religion has functioned as a form of comfort since the inception of politeness and the birth of religion, it was only natural for men living in depravity to come to it to relieve them of some of their burden. Subsequently, the men of the clergy we re often instrumental to moral and aid. Furthermore, due to the looming possibility of death in war, the mortality of some became that much more apparent.In Bidermanns account, he talks of a divisional chaplain named Satzger who had several times risked his conduct to recover wounded men. Resulting from men of the cloth like Satzger and with death looming, many of the soldiers who had not been so inclined began to attend religious services For far too many the chaplain would offer the last region of reassurance and the last vestige of comfort before they, too, succumbed to mortal wounds (Bidermann 25). Another Catholic priest was dubbed the rucksack priest as he carried a field pack from which he provided military on the front lines with simplex food items that had in war become luxuries.While it may have been a spiritual solace that many received at the hands of these men of God, others attended for the sake of having a comforting and constituent hand. Its been told that lea ders are supposed to lead by example. Caught in chaotic times, superior officers often functioned as beacons to rally around. In times past, great leaders such as George Washington, Alexander the Great, and Genghis caravan inn immersed themselves in battles, showing that the best commanders do not directing them from the rear, but rather leading them in the front.A commanding officer by the name of Captain Kendall, turned a shaky company into a passably good one by public displays of sheer guts. Look at me, he said quietly, walking from man to man under fire. They cant hit me. Look at me (Addison 210). Examples like this provided moral boosts to dreary men who needed something positive to cling to. Conversely, rather than inspiring by a guiding light of bravery and courage, the Soviets were incentivized onwards by the ever-present detachments behind the troops that would pillory deserters.Grossman describes this in further detail Stalins Order No. 27 Not One mistreat Back inclu ded the instruction to each army command to organise three to five well-armed blocking detachments (up to devil hundred men each) to form a second line to combat cowardices by shooti ng reduce any soldier who tried to run away (Grossman 141). As many Soviet soldiers understood the likelihood of their death in squaring off against the Nazis, the desire to flee was understandable. Stalin believed that the presence of the troops would force the Soviet troops to fight even harder. Pushed forwards, the stark realization of soldiers was expressed by Grossman Once you are here, there is no way out.Either you will lose your head or your legs Everyone knows that those who turn and run would be shot on the spot. This was more terrifying than the Germans (Grossman 146). Under the constant strain of needing to ration supplies and consistently cut off from supply lines, soldiers had to make do with their limited resources. Given the treacherous nature of the constant advancement and overleap of luxuries, whenever there was time to enjoy the comfort brought by certain goods that had faded away from recent memory to distant memories, the time was relished and the goods provided relief to the men.In fact, Bidermann specifically noted several instances where his regiment and he would advert in luxuries that were not available to them by enjoying the spoils of war. Two August was marked by a dislocation in the monotonous field rations, when we boiled freshly dug potatoes in an unnamed Ukrainian village. Obserschutze Fehr had already plucked a chicken, and together with the boiled hen and potatoes we ate peeled cucumbers (Bidermann 24). In another instance, his clump discovered a still-intact collective farm and was able to enjoy hot coffee, schmalzbrot, and sleep in secondary thatched-roof huts.Though seemingly commonplace to us, moments such as these provided brief relief and respite from the horrors of daily life across the theatres, and allowed soldiers to momentaril y reflect on how life used to be. Constantly under an onslaught of forces that, if mishandled, could guinea pig a man to lose his mind, soldiers used some, if not all, of the aforementioned forms to provide relief or inhalant in persevering in their struggle. Under pressure, these men had to find whatever means by which to affect themselves to return safely home, and more so than that, return home as much themselves as before.

Environmental Studies Essay Example for Free

environmental Studies EssayThe population of the world has been on an upward trend for the most part of the past more years. The rapid rise in the population in the past had been attributed to factors like improved medical apportion and good nutrition. However, the statistics appear to be changing as the 21st century wears on. There has been recorded a decrease in the overall global population growth straddle such that although thither is becalm a growth in the population, the rate is reducing. However, the rate is not evenly distributed.Instead, only the developed nations where industrial enterprise and modernity are advanced are experiencing the population slowdown. The developing World still has rising order of population growth (I. R. C. , 2005). The reduction in the growth rate can be attributed to climatical changes that boast in turn caused masses to resort to totally new ways of living. There has been a component part of destruction to the atmosphere and the re sultant effect has been that some of the plants and animals that were useful for improving the immunity of the people when include in the diet are now extinct.Global warming has killed many such plant and animal species and the other effects have been that there is an increase in strange, previously uncommon diseases caused by climatic changes which are making more people to die faster than before. Life expectancy has also trim because of these changes (Johansen, 2009). In addition, the lifestyles of people have changed drastically, including having diets that are less healthy such as the consumption of genetically modified substances whose chemical contents are harmful to the body and shorten life.This trend is bound to go on for as long as industrial development is going to continue, worsening as the effects of global warming resulting from industrial pollution increase (Vormedal, 2005). New factors are bound to come into play, including change magnitude baby mortality and in creased resistance to medication available even as new species of pathogens and parasites bug out with changing environmental conditions. It is also expected that more people entrust be less instinctive to have children as the pressure on available resources increases, thereby pushing the population growth rate down.With globalization opening up doors of nations, more technologies and immigrants are expected to get in, and not only provide there be a real pressure on resources available pushing families to downsize but there will also be a massive movement away from the use of natural, more nutritious food items to those that are artificial and developed through technology (I. R. C. , 2005). As such are probably to be more harmful to the body, many people will find themselves less fertile objet dart the fertile ones will be less willing to have more than a some children.The few children born will have a reduced life expectancy due to increased diseases and child mortality wi ll be very high. As the figure below shows, the population of Canada has been on a downward trend ever since the start of this century. It is expected that this will go on as the rustic becomes more industrialized and as global warming becomes more pronounced. By the year 2030, the country will most likely be faced with the problem of having a majority of its population being people over the age of 65 years because the young people are those who are likely to be affected negatively by the forces causing this trend (I. R. C. , 2005).

Technology In The Workplace Essay Example for Free

Technology In The Work induct judgeIn my workplace, an acute c be infirmary with 968 beds and a workforce of approximately 5,000 employees, technology is a large part of the operations. As a matter of fact, technology has become necessary and fundamental not solely in the usual day-to-day activities of the hospital like keeping patients medical records, doctors schedules, employees salaries and the like, but also as an added accommodation for patients who submit special needs or requests.The operating system of ruless use be Microsoft Windows (Windows 2000 and Windows XP Professional) and the Macintosh operate System to avoid a sense of monopoly and hence providing a choice for the users, depending on which system they are more familiar with or which one better serves their needs. For example, Apple Macintosh is preferred over IBM computers by some physicians for research purposes and further education in the medical field.The functionality of computers is extended from skillful being a set of relational databases because it can be maximized further to the benefit of both the hospital and the patients. Since all areas of the hospital are equipped with computers that have ready access to the Internet, the inter-connectivity is taken advantage of in many ways. Networks are established within the workplace to have an easier access to training in and out of the company. Cisco router is utilise for broad infrastructure and the Nortel web for remote access. For patient documentation from multi-disciplinary venues, the UNIX server and the Sunrise Clinical motorbus are used. All patients and vendors have can have unlimited access to the Guest Wireless network through a code that can be obtained after signing up with the IT Department.Although previously used mostly in business establishments and big hotels, audio/video conferencing is also presently being provided by our hospital. In one instance, the daughter of one of our female patients was getting married in another state. Unfortunately, her vex was hospitalized and was therefore unable to attend the ceremony. Knowing that this was one occasion the mother would not want to miss, the system was set up in her room where she could view the wedding and hear what was going on. At the homogeneous time, the bride and groom could see and hear her. The patient even dressed up for the occasion while the hospital staff provided flowers and the hospitals communication department took charge of the hook-up.Furthermore, the hospital has a secured web office that allows virtual hush-hush remote access. The hospital employees can easily access a site to view their pays tubs. For the public, a site provides information on the hospitals roster of doctors and their specializations, the types of health services available including outpatient services, and general information about the hospital.In addition to all these, the hospital has two (2) patient channels from which they could view chape l service services or listen to soft music while viewing scenes that allows meditation, prayer or just plain mental relaxation. These are exclusively for in-patients use and are not available to the public extracurricular the hospital.The hospital is also a teaching facility for would-be doctors and nurses but at present, it does not to the full provide distance education. It has links to the Medical Library for the use of its students and the hospital personnel, but it does not have computer-based academic programs that provide full education.Essentially, with the advent of technology, the hospital has become more than just a place where sick people go for treatment. It has also become a sanctuary for the sick where they could listen to solace music or take part in religious services without having to leave their hospital bed.

Child Labour Essay Example for Free

pincer Labour EssayConsiderable differences exist between the many an(prenominal) physiques of course babyren do. Some are difficult and demanding, others are more hazardous and even chastely reprehensible. Children hold out out a very wide range of tasks and activities when they work.Not all work done by electric shaverren should be classified as minor ride that is to be targeted for elimination. Childrens or adolescents participation in work that does non affect their health and personal development or interfere with their ontogeny, is generally regarded as being something positive. This includes activities such as financial aiding their parents around the home, assisting in a family business or earning max money outside school hours and during school holidays. These kinds of activities contri howevere to childrens development and to the welfare of their families they provide them with skills and experience, and help to prepare them to be productive portions of society during their adult life. The term child bray is often be as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to bodily and mental development. It refers to work thatis mentally, physically, companionablely or cleanly dangerous and harmful to children andinterferes with their schooling bydepriving them of the opportunity to attend schoolobliging them to leave school prematurely orrequiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.In its just about(prenominal) extreme forms, child wear involves children being enslaved, separated from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illnesses and/or leftfield to fend for themselves on the streets of large cities often at a very early age. Whether or not particular forms of work deal be called child labour depends on the childs age, the example and hours of work performed, the conditions under which it is performed and th e objectives pursued by individual countries. The answer varies from country to country, as well as among sectors within countries.The worst forms of child labourWhilst child labour takes many antithetical forms, a priority is to eliminate without delay the worst forms of child labour as define by Article 3 of ILO Convention No. 182 (a) all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt thralldom and serfdom and constrained or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory enlisteement of children for use in armed conflict (b) the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the ware of pornography or for fully grown performances (c) the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the applicable global treaties (d) work which, by its character or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the hea lth, safety or morals of children. Labour that jeopardises the physical, mental or moral well-being of a child, either because of its nature or because of the conditions in which it is carried out, is k flatn as hazardous work. Action against child labourIPEC has worked to get this in several ways through country- ground programmes which aid policy reform, build institutional capacity and put in can concrete measures to end child labour and through cognisance raising and mobilization intended to change social attitudes and promote ratification and effective implementation of ILO child labour Conventions. These efforts have resulted in hundreds of thousands of children being withdrawn from work and rehabilitated or prevented from entering the workforce. Complementary to this purpose action throughout has been substantial in-depth statistical and qualitative research, policy and legal analysis, programme evaluation and child labour monitoring, which have permitted the accumulatio n of vast knowledge base of statistical data and methodologies, thematic studies, trusty practices, guidelines and training materials.Corporate complaisant Responsibility (CSR)Companies are increasingly affected with child labour in their furnish chains. They view it as inconsistent with company values, and a threat to their image and cleverness to recruit and retain top employees, as well as to the sustainability of their supply chain. And on that point often is cause for concern many child labourers work as part of supply chains. They are involved in the production of cash crops and manufactured approximates that are exported directly, as well as in the production of goods that serve as inputs into final products final assembly or finishing of these products often takes place in the importing countries. They are excessively involved in domestic supply chains.Despite the challenges of tackling child labour in supply chains that are often long and complex, leading companies have used social duologue, international labour standards, a embodied approach, and a allegiance to addressing the root causes of child labour to effectively address the problem. IPEC has a long history of facilitating and supporting these efforts. The 2016 Roadmap for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labour by 2016, adopted at the Hague Child Labour Conference in May 2010, calls for special efforts to do to tackle child labour in supply chains, in recognition of the vital role that enterprises must play to r for each one the 2016 goal.Social conferenceThe main goal of social dialogue is to promote consensus building and democratic involvement among the main stakeholders in the world of work. Labour law, industrial relations and social dialogue are at the core of ILO member States frugal and social organization. Since its foundation, social dialogue is a transversal hub of the ILOs action and a radical mandate. The Declaration concerning the aims and purposes of the Intern ational Labour Organisation states that the effective recognition of the right of collective bargaining, the cooperation of management and labour in the continuous improvement of productive efficiency, and the collaboration of workers and employers in the preparation and application of social and stinting measures Sound industrial relations and effective social dialogue are a means to promote better wages and working conditions as well as peace and social justice.As instruments of good governance they foster cooperation and economic performance, advance social and industrial peace through negotiated solutions to important economic and social challenges and boost stability and economic progress, thus helping to create an enabling environment for the actualization of the objective of Decent Work. The ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization-0 (2009) to put the wildness on that social dialogue and the practice of tripartism between governments and the representative organizations of workers and employers within and across b sanctifys are now more relevant to achieving solutions and to building up social cohesion and the rule of law through, among other means, international labour standards. The Global Jobs Pact adopted by the International Labour Conference of 2010 states for its part, that Social dialogue is an invaluable mechanism for the design of policies to fit national priorities.Furthermore, it is a strong basis for building the commitment of employers and workers to the joint action with governments needed to overcome the crisis and for a sustainable recovery. Successfully concluded, it inspires confidence in the results achieved. Social dialogue as defined by the ILO includes all types of negotiation, consultation or exchange of information between, or among, representatives of governments, employers and workers, on issues relating to economic and social policy, including child labour, and to terms and conditions of work and physical exercise.It can exist as a tripartite wait on with the government as an official party to the dialogue, for example in the development of reality policy including national action plans on child labour or lists of hazardous work. Or it may consist of bipartite relations between trade unions and management (or trade union organisations and employers organisations), Dialogue can be informal or institutionalized and often it is a combination of the two. It can take place at the global, regional, national, sectoral, enterprise or workplace level. The enabling conditions of social dialogueIn order for social dialogue to take place, the following must existstrong, independent workers and employers organizations with the technical capacity and the access to relevant information to participate in social dialoguepolitical will and commitment to engage in social dialogue on the part of all the partiesrespect for the fundamental rights of freedom of association andcollective bargaining anda ppropriate institutional support.The role of the stateFor social dialogue to contribute to the elimination of child labour, the State cannot be passive even when it concerns bipartite relations between employers and trade unions. It is responsible for creating a stable political and civil climate which enables autonomous employers and workers organizations to operate freely, without interference or fear of reprisal. eventide when the dominant relationships are formally bipartite, the State has a role in providing essential support for the process through the establishment of the legal, institutional and other frameworks which enable the parties to effectively engage in the promotion of fair work and the elimination of child labour.THE UTILITARIAN VIEWJeremy Bentham would have supported child labor laws based upon his functional philosophy. The central idea is that battalion should behave so as to produce the greatest rejoicing for the greatest number of people. Child labor prod uces a very small amount of happiness for the family of the children involved, but causes take inable suffering as well and prevents the children from obtaining educations or fully enjoying their childhoods. It also creates a class of disenfranchised ignorant citizens with short life expectancies and who are of very little good to society. There is nothing well-nigh child labor that could be supported by a utilitarian philosopher.But the argument wouldnt be based on the evil of child labor. Thats a religious concept of morality that is quite different than the pleasure principle on which utilitarianism relies. Many things can bring happiness in the sense Bentham and J.S. submarine sandwich intended this notion to be understood. Pleasure is one source, but so is the satisfaction which derives from work, from sharing with others, from having a family, from community service, etc..The main criticism of utilitarianism is that it substitutes an hedonic/aesthetic standard of behavior f or an ethical/prudential standard. It defines what is good, the moral concept, in terms of what brings happiness, an hedonic/aesthetic concept. Those who are addicted to notions like good and evil and sin, most of whom are religious folks, dont find any validity to Benthams viewsespecially since they are quite obviously man made rules of conduct and not revealed words of god.Child LabourAccording to utilitarian hypothesis child labour is morally worn in that it does not beneficial to everyone, the children suffer and in some cases they are not paid, get along these children should be attending school or performing school related duties other than working, there is a need to educate and train these children in order to prepare them for the job market and employing them onward they complete their education will mean that this is violating their rights. Children are normally not aware of their rights and are forced to undertake hard work.Employers prefer to employ children because t hey provide cheap labour and also they are blowzy to control, children are also seen to be more obedient than adults, they therefor employe the children for the purpose of cutting down be and also because children are easy to control because adults are related with initiatives which include protests and formation of trade unions.The utilitarian theory which states that morally right actions are those whose outcome maximises benefits to the persons performing them supports child labour in developing countries, this is because the children achieve financial dependence from their parents and also have a chance to earn money to achieve what they like. Support child labour in the developing countries where child benefit and also the parents whose financial excite is reduced, in developed countries where children work to support their family it is morally right to engage children in such employment opportunities but it must be noted that child labour should not violate their rights to education.The concern stems from children being separated from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illness or even left to feed for themselves- often at a very early age.Utilitarianism based upon maximising good or pleasure and minimising bad and pain. Unlike, vanity that centres on a person excessive or exaggerated sense of self-interst.Prepare a offset sheet weighting the pros and cons.Child labour should be stopped on the basis, the tasks children are involved in are difficult and demanding, others are hazedous and morally reprehensible.The emotional pain kids go through easily go on the advantage of using such a force.Solutions Reducing, rising poverty, through broad-based economic and social development, automatically renewal child workers with their parents, increasing familys income, as parents are more highly paid. The social welfare of children can also be lined to the social and economic position of women. As womens income improves, so does the situation of her children. Women whom invest in their children, food, water, clothing and schooling, can immediately combat child labour. The rehabilitation of child labourers with household benefits and essential services. In providing families, whose parents and guidance work for the organisation with shelter, food and health care, households are more likely to send their children to school.Deontological theoriesReferring to theories of duty, stating that when reservation decisions about actions one has to consider the duties and the rights of the others.According to the theory the involvement of children at work is wrong, one because it endangers the children both(prenominal) physically and mentally. Children are supposed to go to school and receive necessary training in order to prepare them to become employees.Child labour according to the Deontological theories violates the natural law of nature, this is because children are yet to be adults where the children are young and do not know their rights, involving them at work places will results into the violation of their rights because most employers tend to exploit them by forcing them to undertake hard work and even not pay them, they further know that children are easy to control than adults and that children will obey, the adults workers know their rights and will not be victimised and they will organise demonstration and even form trade unions that fight for their rights.Virtue ethic theoryChild labour is wrong because in most countries law have been set that children should not work and therefor anyone employeing or letting their children work is violating these laws.Education for childrenThe legislator of a regime/community must shit the education of the young his objective above all. Since there is a single end for the city as a whole, it is evident that education must necessarily be one and the same for all, and that the superintendence of it should be common and not on private basis. The importance of a common education shaping each citizen so as to enable him to serve the common good of the city. one ought not even consider that a citizen belong to himself, but rather that all belong to the city, for each individual is part of the city.Aristotles includes physical education, reading and writing, drawing and music as subjects which the young potential citizens must learn. The aim of this education is not productive or theoretical knowledge. Instead it is meant to teach the young potential citizens the practical knowledge the kind of knowledge that each of them will need to fulfil his telos and perform his duties as a citizen.We must get into out how to live together through the use of reason and speech, discovering justice and creating laws that make it possible for homophile community to survive and for the individuals to live virtuous lives. Aristotles on slavery Aristotles has said that slavery serves the interest of both the master and the slave. If the work that comes from their bodies is the best that can come from them for he is a slave by nature who is capable of belonging to another. They are incapable of fully governing their own lives, and require other people to tell them what to do. Such people should be set to labour by the people who have the ability to reason fully and order their own lives. Slaves get the guidance and instructions tht they must have to live, and in return they provide their master with the benefit of their physical labour.

Internal Control Essay Example for Free

Internal ascendence Essay(1) If the LJB Company should decide to become a in public traded party, a few inwrought controls should be implemented to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). * Management entrust deficiency to provide periodic quarterly reports to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of LJBs internal controls over pecuniary reporting procedures. * Management should certify the accuracy and fairness of presentation of their financial statements. * Independent auditor(s) outside of LJB will need to attest to managements assessment of said internal controls.Additionally, non-audit services between these ii parties (LJB and said independent auditor) are prohibited. (2) There are a few internal control measures that LJB already has in effect and are better for it the use of pre-numbered invoices by the accountant and your (the Presidents) involvement in the approval and hiring process of new employees. I also recommend the purchase of the indelible ink elevator car as per the accountants request. As this applies to the Internal Control Principle of visible Control, future condition fraud will be more difficult to be accomplished.3) There are several internal control weaknesses that I assess LJB currently has. Following each weakness I list under is a recommendation from myself to rectify these internal control weaknesses. * One is risk is the accountant who serves as financial officer and Controller. Although I understand this is to streamline many processes, it possesses a risk where an opportunity is created for this employee to pull in fraud. This also bollix ups the sequestration of Duties Principle of Internal Control Principles.I recommend that these two responsibilities be segregated 2 antithetical employees. * When the accountant in charge of payroll leaves employees checks in his office unsupervised and unsecured, it presents an opportunity for theft. This violates the Internal Control Principle of Physical Contro l, as though checks are not constantly kept in the accountants office safe prior to pick up. I recommend that these checks remain physiologicly secured at all times (by the accountant, or by delaying delivery to the accountant until he reaches his office).Due to the unorthodox applaud system of dealing with petty cash, any single employee can withdraw a substantial add together of petty cash in relative anonymity. This violates two Internal Control Principles Physical Control and geological formation of Responsibility. It violates the Physical Control Principle because the petty cash is easily accessible with no form of physical protection of theft, and it violates the Establishment of Responsibility Principle because no single person is in charge of the piddling Cash Fund (rather everyone is).This can be remedied by assigning a custodian to be answerable for the fund, as well as creating a secure area to store said funds. * These previous points to boot bring up another weakn ess, though not actually part of the Internal Control Principles. though it seems to be LJBs unofficial policy to trust long-term employees, when a desirable opportunity to commit fraud/theft arises, it becomes at the discretion of the employee to commit these acts for their personal benefit. Another weakness is LJBs escape of individual passwords which allows personnel to anonymously use the company computers and databases.This lack of individual accountability will close out most attempts to track suspicious employee activities on company computers and databases. This instance violates the Internal Control Principle of Physical Control. I recommend assigning employees individual accounts and passwords, as well as creating a form of digital control to prevent future unauthorized activities, such as viewing pornography on company computers.Lastly, because LGB unknowingly hired a convicted felon, it can be deduced that LGBs Human election Department whitethorn be lacking, due to t he fact that a background check should have caught his criminal history. This may violate the Human Resource Control Principle of the Internal Control Principles. I recommend that the Human Resource Department reevaluate their policies and staffing procedures to prevent future incidents from happening. Thank you for taking the time to read this letter and cheer consider my recommendations before going public with the LGB Company.

Environment Analysis Essay Example for Free

Environment Analysis Essay systems analyze the surroundings in order to understand the remote twinges so that it could help to develop effective responses to secure or improve their positions in the future. There existed a positive relation among environmental summary and gain of an organization. Top commission looked at schooling in devil ways viewing and searching information. This information motivati unrivalledd to be evaluated and disseminated to st local anestheticisegists within the organization and to help top wariness to make decisions that could create st valuategical advantage for the organization to succeed in a changing environment 1. There were research evidences that showed that environmental analysis was linked with improved organizational performance. Hence, it remained insufficient to assure performance, without aligning information with outline. The main view in strategy and environment was concerned with the primary importance of the environment al analysis in strategy formulation and accomplishation. 84 endure camber of India The reservation cant of India is fully owned by the goernment activity of India. Initi completelyy it was viewed to bring the greater coordination of the monetary, economic, and pecuniary policies.During fifties objectives of guard border of India underwent changes. It was recognized that throw margin of India needs to take on direct and much more than active part, in developing machinery for pecuniary development in order to ensure f first gear of finance in the hoidenish. entertain rely emerged as a regulatory and a outgrowth promoting institution. In the beginning limited to the agricultural arena, the swear subsequent c e precisewhereed fine-scale industries as advantageously. The affairs of Reserve border of India be governed by the substitution mount up of directors. The board is appointed by the Government of India gibe to the Reserve marge of India Act.The prefac e of the Reserve argot of India describes the basic functions of the Reserve coin bank as to regulate the issue of fix Notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage 2. The Reserve Bank? s freedom may be viewed broadly to the areas deal guidance including more or lessbodynel matters, financial aspects, and to conduct polices. Managerial freedom refers to the procedures for appointment, term of office and dismissal procedures of top central bank officials and the governing board.It in any case includes the extent and nature of representation of the Government in the governing embody of the central bank. 85 monetary freedom relates to the freedom to decide the extent of Government expenditures directly or indirectly financed by the central bank? s credits. Finally, policy freedom is relate to the flexibility tending(p) in the formulation and execution of monetary policy, under a given authorization. Reserve Bank of India has over the years been responding to changing economic circumstances.The Reserve Bank of India performs the function of financial supervisor under the pleader of Board for Financial Supervision. This board undertake consolidated supervision of the financial sector comprising of commercialized Banks, Financial Institutions, and Non-Banking Finance Companies. The tell functions played by this board were restructuring of the system of Bank, introduction of off-site scrutiny, strengthening the role of legislative auditors, and strengthening the internal defences of supervised institutions. Currently this board focus on supervision of financial institutions and legal issues in Banks.Reserve Bank of India acts as a guard for technical Banks. Commercial Banks are required to keep a certain proportion of cash reserves with the Reserve Bank and Bank provide them various facilities like advancing loans, underwriting securities etc. Reserve Bank of India controls the volume of reserves of Commercial Banks and thereby determines the deposits and credit creating ability of the Banks. Whenever Commercial Banks need bills they get it from the Reserve Bank of India. apart(predicate) from playing the role of Banker to the Banks, Reserve Bank of India also play promotional role.The aim is to establish and function the establishments of a number of financial intuitions for filling up of various financial institutional gaps in the pastoral and semi-urban areas. 86 Other roles played by Reserve Bank of India are Reserve Bank stabilizes the external value of the national currency. The Reserve Bank keeps gold and foreign currencies and manages foreign currency in symmetry with the controls imposed by the government. Reserve Bank of India facilitate external heap and allowance and promote nifty development and maintenance of foreign exchange grocery store in India.Reserve Bank has interpreted the function of marching directly or indirectly all legitimate demands of Commercial Banks under emergency conditions and to a certain extent Reserve Bank influence the credit policy of schedule Banks. The Reserve Bank has instrument of control in the form of the bank rate, which it publishes from time to time 3. A list of the Reserve Bank of India Committees from 1990- 2008 was prepared to get an impression about developments with respect to Banking manufacturing (Appendix- III).The recommendations resulted into remarkable changes in products and policies of Banking Organizations. Indian Banks connection (IBA) Indian Bank? s Association is a direct improvement organization of Banking Industry in India. It aims to integrate Banking and finance system catering to all financial requirements of node? s. It was formed in 1946 with 22 members. Today Indian Bank? s Association has more than 159 members comprising of popular arena Banks, underground Sector Banks, international Banks (having offices in India), and Urban Co-operative Banks. 87 The main objectives of Indian Bank? Association are promoting and developing sound and progressive Banking principles and practices in order to assist Banks to develop and implement new ideas and innovative Banking go, trading operations and procedures organizing co-ordination and co-operation on procedural, legal, technical, administrative or professional problems and practices of Banks circulating statistical data, information, views and opinions on the Banking System conducting Management development Programs for Banks promoting education and knowledge of the law and practices of Banking Industry to help in communicate good public image of Banking Industry and to promote harmonious relationships by devising ways and pith for involving Banking personnel? in the growth and development of Banking Industry. Indian Bank? s Association tries to achieve resplendent service quality and guest care by dint of its foc su bstance ab hire efforts to make each customers experience a pleasant one. Towards this end Indian Bank? s Association stressed on to build faculty potential by each Bank to address customer challenges and asked Banks to design a performance management system, which focuses on rewarding the staff for delivering flawless customer service. In 2000, Indian Bank? s Association reviewed the charters of assorted Banks and brought out a Model Citizen Charter? explaining to the customer? s what they could expect from the Bank? s as a matter of right.Apart from this Indian Bank? s Association brought bankers fair practices? in 2004 which was adopted by all Banks voluntarily. It also came out with fair practice code for credit broadside operation? and model code for collection of dues and repossession of security? with special concern to customer? s spokesperson about Banking practices 4. 88 Ministry of Finance Ministry of Finance in India governs the entire fiscal system of the Governme nt of India. The terzetto departments headed by the Ministry of Finance in India include economic affairs, expenditure, and revenue. Thus, it mainly centralizes around the economic and financial issues pertaining in India.Ministry of Finance Government of India, Banking sectionalization is managing Government policies related to the on the job(p) of Banks and the term contribute to financial institutions. This Division is headed by Secretary (Banking and Insurance) and operates through three subdivisions Industrial Finance Banking Operations and Banking and Insurance. Each subdivision is headed by a Joint Secretary. The Banking Operations sub-division deals with legislative proposals described to Banks, non-banking financial companies, and some otherwisewise related matters like appointments of antique administrators and Government nominee Directors and non-official directors on the boards of Public Sector Banks. In addendum policy matters relating to Private Banks, Foreig n Banks, and improvement of customer? service in Banks and redressal of customers grievances are also dealt with this Banking Operations sub-division of Ministry of Finance. This sub-division also deals with vigilance matters and appoints knob Vigilance Officers (CVO? s) in the Public Sector Banks to enable the Public Sector Banks to meet the credit requirements for the cultivatable sectors of the miserliness in proportion to the economic growth of the country. The Government is committed to infuse capital funds in Public Sector Banks as well 5. 89 Nature of Banking Industry Bank? s dearguard coin and valuables and provide loans, credit, and payment run, such(prenominal) as checking accounts, money-orders, and cashier? s checks. Banks also brook investment and insurance products which they were once prohibited.There exists variety of models for cooperation and integration among finance industries some of these traditional distinctions between Banks, Insurance Companies, and S ecurities Firms has diminished. In spite of these changes, Banks continued to maintain and perform their primary role of accepting deposits and lending funds from these deposits. Banks securely save the money of depositors, provide checking service, and lend the funds raised from depositors to consumers. Bank? s today are in a wide range of sizes, from large Global Banks to Regional and conjunction Banks. These Global Banks are involved in international lending and foreign currency trading, in addition to the more typical Banking services. Working Environment Employee? in a typical branch cipher weekdays, whereas in few Banks sometimes Banks were opened until late evenings or were open on Saturday morning? s and in few even on Sundays. Supervisory and managerial employee? s, usually work good longer hours. almost Banks are expanding the working hours in their branches which are located at non- 90 traditional locations, such as shopping malls, which remain open on most evenings and weekends. Branch office jobs, particularly front-end positions, required endless communication with customers. Some employees require to work for longer hours in a confined space. Loan officers office need to travel to meet clients, or work evenings for their clients.Loan officers also check loan applications, and come up to new business for Banks. Financial Service Sales Representatives might also have to visit clients in the evenings and on weekends to go through the client? s financial needs. To improve customer service and provide greater access to Bank personnel? s, Banks have staffed Customer Service Representatives. The remaining Bank employees, working at the headquarters or other administrative offices usually worked in well-provided surroundings and worked for a standard workweek. In general, Banks are considered relatively safer place to work with respect to injuries and illness. Banks also encourage spirited education and training for their employee? as Banks require creative and talented the great unwashed to compete in the market place place so as to reach to more number of customers. The basic premise here is to con the relevant data and derive some information related to the Strategic Environment pertaining to Indian Banking Industry, which may be used in due course in a broader context if non in specific context. Environmental factors influencing Banking Industry are 91 Economic Factors Indian preservation has registered impressive growth of over 9 pct for successive three financial years and experienced restraint in 2008-09. This restraint was caused due to the downturn in the global economy. The year 2008-09 was the most deficient year afterwards 1972.To fight against this slowdown Government of India and Reserve Bank of India took many fiscal as well as monetary actions. It was expected that Indian economy could again register a robust growth rate in the year 2009-10. As per the revised estimates released by the Central Stat istical Organisation (CSO), Indian economy grew by 7. 6 portionage in 2008-09 and 9. 3 percent growth in the 2007-08 6. Banks lending to industries, personalised loans and service sectors witnessed a slow down sequence, Banks lending to agriculture and allied activities chance upond upward during 2008-09. The income as well as the expenditures of Scheduled Commercial Banks viewed a slow down leading to decrease in the net addition.The pass off on Assets (ROA) as an indicator of efficiency with which Banks deployed their assets remained to 1 percent in 2009. The Return on Equity (ROE) as an indicator of efficiency with which the Banks used capital change magnitude to 13. 2 percent in 2009 from 12. 5 percent in 2008, indicating increased efficiency with which Banks used capital 7. 92 evolution of income of Scheduled Commercial Banks during 2008-09 decelerated to 25. 7 percent from 34. 3 in 2007-08, but was higher than the growth rate of 24. 4 percent in 200607. Expenditure of Scheduled Commercial Banks was 24. 1 percent in 2006-07, which increased to 33. 9 percent in 2007-08 and again decelerated to 26 percent in 2008-09. The operating profit of Scheduled Commercial Banks increased sharply by 33. percent during 2008-09 from 26. 8 percent in 2007-08 and 21. 3 percent in 2006-07 ( remand II. 1). The net profit of Scheduled Commercial Banks also showed a significant increase of 36. 9 percent during 2007-08 as compared to 26. 9 percent in 2006-07, but it decelerated to 23. 5 percent during 2008-09(Table II. 1) TABLE II. 1 VARIATION IN INCOME-EXPENDITURE OF SCHEDULED COMMERCIAL BANKS 2006-07 Income Expenses Operating Profit Net Profit 24. 4 24. 1 21. 3 26. 9 2007-08 34. 3 33. 9 26. 8 36. 9 2008-09 25. 7 26. 0 33. 2 23. 5 Source Reports on social movement and Progress of Banking in India 8, 9 The Bank Group-wise analysis is presented in Table II. 2.Even though the achievements of scientific changes in Banking Industry in India were impressive but there is a need to take greater advantages from new technologies and information based system to maximize the coverage. Pricewaterhouse Coopers report 18 suggested that Banks should take up automation that would be a combination of centralized networks, operations and a karyon Banking applications that included Business Intelligence (BI), Business Process Re-engineering (BPR), and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) that catered to available and analytic business needs. The multi-channel Banking has acquired further dimensions to include third party payments such as utility bills through different channels including alter Teller Machines and quick banking. Bank? internal groups examined the issues, relating to rural credit and micro-finance opportunities in the sector with several possible options like smart card-based kisan credit cards, smart card solutions for self-help groups, Automated Teller Machines with local language and voice facility and call-center amenities with added se rvices given by various Banks. Introduction of Kisan assent Cards (KCCs) for providing credit to farmers had increased in the number a multi-fold since its inception in the late 1990? s and the total percentage share of these cards reached above forty percent 19. 97 Banks had transformed themselves into worldwide Banks by adding new channels with lucrative pricing.Recent innovations in the form of total quality management, reengineering work processes, elastic systems have only one thing in common serving the customers well through improved operational efficiency. Consolidation in the Banking Industry followed by technological up-gradation acted as a key factor to boost the international competitiveness of the Indian Bank? s. Adapting applied science had brought down the exist of transactions visibly and at the same time aided in business continuity. A Study mentioned that the monetary value per transaction through a branch was Rs. 66, approach per transaction through Automa ted Teller Machines was Rs. 22, and cost per transaction through mesh was Rs. 0, ignoring the extreme variations owing to the investment cost and nature of transactions 20. This low cost gather was opted by Commercial Banks as it helped them to reach to poor raft, particularly those working in the rural areas and those who earn and spend cash. In order to handle their cash transactions Banks formulated two types of teaching and Communication Technologies (ICT). People could either use Automated Teller Machines that could accept, store or shell out cash or they could use a biometric device, which were mobile in nature. Infrastructure in India, has improved resulting into widespread use of Automated Teller Machines facility in villages as well.These machines consisted of additional features that included fingerprint use as a mean of authentication with a view that rural people were more comfortable with fingerprints than plastic cards. 98 The wide geographical coverage to access Banking related products and services with the help of mobile reverberate technology and the use of internet for banking transactions has gained superior usage. These modes of transactions required a safe and secure environment and provide a variety of options available for customers with different requirements. The numbers of mobile phone subscribers in India were about 261 million ( present 2008). Towards this end, Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines for mobile banking transactions.Initially Banks offered the facility to their customers subject to a daily cap of Rs. 5,000 per customer for fund transfer and Rs. 10,000 per customer for transactions involving purchase of goods or services 21. Usage of internet banking in India is mainly dominated, by Private and Foreign Banks. Still, the number of individuals utilizing internet services has increased considerably. In 2006, about 12 percent of the 38. 5 million internet users in India used online banking and the figure for onlin e banking increased to 16 million in 2007-08 22 . The average cost of servicing a customer through internet banking is the tenth of the services extended through a branch.Thus, there is a direct contribution to the profitability for a Bank and therefore, internet banking became a potential low cost alternative 23 . From customer? s viewpoint, internet banking is highly convenient as it help to rescind branch queues and makes customer free from depending on the inconsistent quality of services at the branch, which varied from person to person at the service desk. Internet Banking allowed customers to operate their accounts at their convenient hours instead of being babelike on the Banks working hours. Moreover, internet banking permitted customers to transact on a 247 basis from any part of the world. 99 Therefore, internet banking delivery channel has the potential to contribute directly towards the nation? prosperity as it allowed more people to join the Banking stream without ad ding cost and it is tremendously convenient to customers. Reserve Bank of India started measures to create multi-lingual golf links on its website for thirteen Indian languages on all matters concerning Banking in June 2007 24. In the recent years, the use of electronic payments has witnessed manifold increase reflecting increased adoption of technology. The electronic payment systems comp standd of the large value payment systems like Real Time Gross Settlements (RTGS), matter Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) and card based payment systems. The growth of volume of transactions directed through electronic payment has decelerated from 41. 4 percent in 2007-08 to 24. 8 percent in 2008-0925.The numbers and usage of Automated Teller Machines had gone up substantially during the last few years. Automated Teller Machines were primarily used for cash withdrawal and balance enquiry. In 2008-09, the total number of Automated Teller Machines installed by the Banks grew by 25. 4 percent. Auto mated Teller Machines of show Bank of India group registered a sharp growth of 34. 5 percent. While the Automated Teller Machines installed by new Private Sector Banks and Foreign Banks was 3 times of their respective branches 26, 27 . In March 2008, the population per automated teller machines in India was more than 29,500 as against the range of 1,000-9,500 in some of the other emerging market economies 28, 29 . In June 2009,Reserve Bank of India permitted Scheduled Commercial Banks to install off-site Automated Teller Machines at places identified by them, without any need to take permission from the Reserve Bank of India. Cash withdrawal from Automated Teller Machines of the Bank? s was do free of charges, April 2009 onwards. This made Automated Teller Machines more popular among customers. one hundred Banks had deployed selective information applied science solutions to facilitate automation in transaction management, reporting and risk management. Most of the Banks across the segments had already implemented Core Banking Systems. In the 2007, 85. 6 percent and in the 2008, 93. 7 percent Public Sector Banks were fully computerised 30, 31 . Other rograms such as internet based transactions, self-service kiosks, mobile banking were either underway or planned in near future by Public Sector Banks. Foreign Sector Banks and old and new Private Sector Banks in India, had progressed well in the areas of technology up-gradation in operations. Technology up-gradation helped to introduce new products and services to enable Banks to improve the quality of service and value added services. Overall, Indian Banks score well with respect to technological adaption and the three key characteristic contributing towards the effective use of information technology in Banking Industry were ? Factor Cost Advantage- information technology related labour costs in India remained cheaper as compared to other countries ?Distribution Strategy- Indian Banks adopted a unique busi ness model, acquiring customers rapidly with minimal technological investments and ? Information Technology Governance- Indian Banks emphasized on information technology governance with the strong in-house Information Technology Division and a Chief Information Officer (CIO) directly reporting to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in most cases. 101 It is information that made the Banking Industry stable. The pressure of competition and the need to improve productivity has generated a need for better information. In order to manage Banking operations to meet the needs of managers operating at tactical and strategic level and to improve their quality of decisions and policymaking processes within the Banks.Banks needed to set up an efficient and comprehensive Management Information System (MIS) without which asset and liability management and risk management were not possible. However, adoption of technology by Banks provided them competitive advantage in their operations but at the s ame time Banks became dependent on outsourcing for most of their technological applications. Therefore, Banks needed to employ caution to put in place mechanisms for vendor management. As an insecure system, could expose Banks towards serious operational regulatory and reputational risks. Banks have taken measures to safeguard the risk factors, emerging due to the use of technology.Towards this end, the Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) helped Banks to bring in technology and enabled them to work in secured environment while operating Real Time Gross Settlements System, Centralised Fund Management System (CFMS), corporate e-mail, and internet banking. It also acted as a certifying authority? for the Banking Sector in India by issuing Digital Certificates 32 . Still there exists need to ensure much more accountable systems with regard to online payments with uniform standards all over the world. 102 Social Factors Before nationalization of the Banks , their control was in the hands of the private parties and only walloping business houses and the effluent sections of the society gained benefits from the Banking in India.Thus, adoption of the social development model in the Banking Sector was necessary for speedy economic progress consistent with social justice in democratic political system. Bankers were directed to help economically weaker sections of the society and to provide needed finance to all the sectors of the economy with flexible and liberal attitude. India? s demography had undergone transition and the demographic trends 1950 2050 studied, illustrates that India? s fertility rate is consistently locomote from the peak 5. 91 percent in the first decade after independence to 2. 76 percent today and expected to fall further to 1. 85 percent. Even the death rate also likewise showing consistent decline from its peak 25. 5 in 1950-55 to 8. 5 today and to the lowest of 7. 9 in 2020-2025 33 . This ignifies towards stea dy number of customers for Banking Sector with longer income in the coming years. Indeed, India would be one of the youngest nations with its median age lying between 25 and 30 years over the next 15 years (2010 to 2025) 34. This signified that India would enjoy its prevalence of young age population for almost four decades. Thus, India? s demographic transition needed to be exploited by Banking Sectors viewing it as an opportunity. 103 Increase in the per capita income of the working class population of India, enabled individuals to purchase goods, which were far out of their reach earlier. It also encouraged people to buy goods for their personal use and for their family.Today societies have shifted towards nuclear family, resulting into the growing needs for home consumer durables like washing machine, television, bike, car etc. This showed how we as a society have moved from a socialist society to a consumerist society. Understanding these changes and to use them as an opportun ity Banks provided various types of loans to farmers, working women, professionals, education loan to the students, housing loans, and consumer loans. Even customers life style, their behaviour, and consumption patterns have changed which acted as an opportunity as well as a threat for Banking Industry. Deposits showed a subdued growth during this decade. In 2008- 09 personal loans by Commercial Banks was 12. percent with respect to 10. 8 in 2007-08 of which housing loan was 11. 6 percent in 2007-08 and 7. 4 percent in 2008-09 35 . This deceleration was observed in housing loans especially due to economy slow down. Literacy rate in India is low as compared to other developed countries. Illiterate people swerve to transact with Banks. Therefore, this influenced negatively on Banking Industry. Nevertheless, there exists positive side of this as well that illiterate people trust more on Banks to deposit their money as they do not have market information they do not put money in stocks or mutual funds so they look Bank as their sole and safe alternative.For a common man Banks have emerged as the key players to provide variety of products and services like saving accounts, insurance, remittance and other facilities to the under inside and the poor in rural, semi-urban and urban areas or socially disadvantage as well as the small and medium enterprise sector . 104 On the other hand Banks deal with tolerant clients or big companies which required personalized banking as these customers do not believe in running and waiting in queues for getting their work done . To these customers bankers provided special provisions and at times benefits like individualised hosting to these types of customers. It was brought to the post-horse of the Reserve Bank of India that visually challenged persons were facing problem in availing Banking facilities.Reserve Bank of India in June 2008 counsel all Banks to ensure that all facilities such as cheque book including third party che ques, Automated Teller Machine facilities (at least one third of new Automated Teller Machine installed with transliterate key pads and located strategically), net banking, locker, and credit cards to be provided to visually challenged persons without any discrimination 36. Banks related crimes are rising. These crimes included the typical ones such as Bank robbery, false statement to a Bank in order to obtain loan, false entry in a Banks book, Bank bribery, and Bank fraud. The other new types of crimes have also emerged like accessing to the whole or any part of information technology system without rights.These also included manipulation of Banking system, data alteration, or data destruction to make unauthorized identity theft with reference to Automate Teller Machines. Indian police has initiated by opening of special cyber cells across the country and started educating the personal against these crimes. 105 Political Factors Before 1990, the lack of accountability and lack of profit motive in Nationalized Banks was credited to political interference. After the economic reforms of 1991, the Indian Banking Industry entered into the new persuasion of competiveness, efficiency, and productivity. Reserve Bank of India? s control system and its monetary policies acted as a major heavy weapon in India? financial market. However, sometimes looking into the political advantage of a particular party, Government declares some measures for their benefits like short-term agricultural loans to attract farmer? s votes affecting the profits of the Banks. Even according to Banking Banana Skins, survey 2010 political interference was considered as the greatest risk for Banking Industry 37. In the budget provisions, Finance Minister increased the farm credit target for 2009-10 at Rs. 3, 25,000 crore compared to Rs. 2, 87,000 crore in 2008-09. The amalgamation work out 200910 extended the debt waiver scheme by six more months for farmers owing more than 2 hectare of la nd.The Union Budget 2008-09 allowed farmers 25 percent rebate on 75 percent of their overdue repayment within the stipulated period 38 . Government also announced setting up of a task force to examine the issues of debt taken by a large number of farmers in some regions of Maharashtra from private moneylenders who were not covered under the loan waiver scheme 39 . With Government bearing this burden, Banks would not be affected much. As Government assured to help, Banks to clear their most stubborn non-performing assets accounts on Banks Book. In addition, the furiousness on expanding network with Automated Teller Machines, opening of Banking centre in unbanked blocks were some of the positive moves taken by Government. 106Political interference by the leftist political parties claimed that various regulations with respect to Foreign Banks would benefit only those Banks, which intend to make a quick jump by providing high-profile corporate services, instead of those who worry to i ntensify their rural operations. Left political parties also cautioned that foreign players could increase their holding size in a particular Bank that would lead to an imbalance of power. Banks under the conventional system of recovery of loans had a considerable amount of money blocked in form of unproductive assets. Hence, to beat this difficulty fan tan enacted Recovery of Debts to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 also refereed as Debt Recovery Act. This Act created a separate apparatus in the order of Debt Recovery Tribunals, which were handed over the responsibility of administering disputes pertaining to non-payment of debts.As this legislation was general in nature, some other legislature by Parliament was enacted , referred as Securitization Act with an objective to give the Banks, more power over defaulting borrowers 40,41. Unions The post nationalization era in the Banking Industry in India, particularly in the Public Sector, witnessed consolidation of trade unions. All the nine unions had all-India presence in the Banking Industry. Five workers unions and four officers unions represented almost 100 percent of the workforce in the industry and joined hands to form a United assemblage of Bank Unions (UFBU). United Forum of Bank Unions comprised of All India Bank Employees Association, (AIBEA), All India Bank Officers Confederation (AIBOC), 107National Confederation of Bank Employees (NCBE), All India Bank Officers Association (AIBOA), Bank Employees Federation of India (BEFI), Indian National Bank Employees Congress (INBEC), Indian National Bank Officers Congress (INBOC), National Organization of Bank Workers (NOBW) and National Organization of Bank Officers (NOBO) 42. Representatives of unions were encouraged to give suggestions. However, in many cases undue interference of unions in decision-making has adversely affected, leading to the deterioration in discipline, efficiency, and performance effectiveness. With the growing strength o f these organizations, the issues relating to employees interests were no longer determined by Bank? s managements alone. The massive introduction of technology into the industry made union policies defensive.Unions focused almost completely on the immediate consequences of technological change on the workforce, especially the aspect of possible job losses. Employees in Public Sector Banks were repulsive to move from one table to another of the same branch. Now the trade unions seem to be willing to allow mobility for employees within a district as mergers enforced them to move from one state to another. Other issues taken up by unions were like introduction of New tribute scheme and variable pay which were resolved with the help United Forum of Bank Unions. Banks unions are also involved in demanding salary hikes, job losses, disinvestments in Public Sector, and issues related to violation of labour laws, and parceling of funds for schemes for unorganised workers. 108After attem pting, the macro level environmental analysis of Indian Banking Industry a micro functional level Human imaginativeness Environmental Analysis has been attempted with the help of work up analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), it would help to further develop strategic viewpoint about the industry (Table II. 4). TABLE II. 4 HR SWOT ANALYSIS WITH RESPECT TO INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY STRENGTHS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Educated Manpower Higher residency Amongst Employees Experienced Employees Training Infrastructure accessibility Safe Working Environment Responsiveness to Needful depart Strong Regulatory Institutional Framework ? ? ? ? ?OPPORTUNITIES Liberalization of Banking Sector Preferred Industry for Employment Availability of Multi-specialist staff Technology for Improved Interpersonal and Communication Skills Workforce Diversity WEAKNESSES ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Limited Technology Skills repetitious Tasks Structure Inadequate Remuneration for Attracting Talent Lacking Ca reer Growth Path Rigid recruitment Policies Hierarchal Structure Rigid Wage Negotiation Process Leadership Deficit at precedential Level ? ? ? ? ? ? ? THREATS Movement of Skilled and Quality Staff Difficulty in Hiring Highly Qualified Youngsters Trend Towards Downsizing Changing Workforce Demographics High Staff Cost Overheads Changing Employees Expectations Entrenched Trade trade unionism 109 Key Concerns for Indian Banking IndustryThe macro level analysis of Banking Industry and micro level analysis with respect to Human Resource functions helped to identify the key concerns related to the Banking Industry. Competition in Banking Industry is very high as Banks are fighting for same share of customers. There are many Banks and non-financial institutions which gave rise to intensified competition. Amongst these, there existed relatively no differentiation in services and every Bank move to copy each other? s services and technology which increased the level of competition. Compet ition from the non-Banking financial sector is increasing rapidly as there are substitutes like mutual funds, stocks (shares), government securities, debentures, gold, and objective estate acting as a high threat of substitutes.The continuous deregulation has made the Banking market extremely competitive with greater autonomy, operational flexibility, liberalizeled interest rate, and liberalized norms for foreign exchange. The deregulation of the industry coupled with decontrol in interest rates had led to the entry of a number of players in the Banking Industry 43. Alliances and takeovers had occurred on a transatlantic basis. The market share for financial services that Banks hold had declined, while securities firms, mutual funds, and finance companies has grown 44 . Banking Sector needs to build up a strong and efficient financial system by emphasizing on risk based management. 110In Banking Sector, customers have high bargaining power due to the presence of very large number of alternatives. Banks together with the specialized financial companies that provide finance to customers are available. Recently it was observed that depositors had withdrawn funds from Private and Foreign Banks and invested their money with Public Sector Banks as the cost of switching from one Bank to another was low and almost all Banks provided undifferentiated services. Today customer? s have more information and better intellect about the market, Banks have to be more competitive and customer friendly to serve them. To retain customer? s and market share, Banks started contemplating on building strong relationship with customers.United Bank of India created a gyration in Banking Industry by opening up a boutique branch in Pune in November 2007, as its priority was to provide services to the high net worth customers. Thus, United Bank also recognized the needs of high net worth individuals different from the other customers. United Bank organised corporate golf tournament for customers, music concerts, and screening of Mani Ratnam directed film Guru? 45 . Bank? s top management has started carefully evaluating the impacts for their actions. Recently, before cutting jobs in Private and Foreign Banks, Human Resource managers tried to assess reactions beforehand and they came out with certain proactive steps. Banks persistently worked in the interest of the Society.This chapter focused on the environment analysis which is, undoubtedly, required for strategy formulation, and at the same is relevant as a backdrop for strategy implementation. For instance, the needful Human Resource Practices have to be continuously evolved and implemented against the changing macro and micro environment of the Banking Organizations. 111 REFERENCES 1. Wei, C. C. (2001) Environmental Scanning as Information Seeking and Organizational Learning, Information Research, 7(1). 2. About us retrieved on 26 December 2010. 3. Goyal, O. P. (1979) Financial Institutions and Economic Growth of India, New Delhi jobless and Life Publishers. 4. About Us retrieved on 26 December 2010. 5. retrieved on 28 December 2010. . Reserve Bank of India (2008) Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2007-08, lt www. rbi. orggt retrieved on 25 December 2009. 7. 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